The Star Formation and Nuclear Accretion Rates of Normal Galaxies in the AGES Survey

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

We combine optical data from the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey (NDWFS), X-ray data from the XBoötes X-ray survey, and spectral information from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES) to measure the X-ray evolution of normal galaxies as a function of absolute optical luminosity, redshift, and spectral type over the largely unexplored range 0 < z < 0.5. Because only the closest or brightest of the galaxies are individually detected in X-rays, we perform a stacking analysis to determine the mean properties of the sample. We use radial emission profiles of low redshift galaxies and the hardness ratios and X-ray to optical luminosity ratios of all galaxies to estimate the relative contributions of stellar and nuclear sources. These tests suggest that the X-ray emission from spectroscopically late-type galaxies is dominated by HMXBs, while that from early-type galaxies is dominated by AGN. We find that the mean star formation rate and the AGN accretion luminosity evolve as ˜ (1+z)3, in good agreement with the results of previous studies.

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