Sunspot Chromospheric Heating by Kinetic Alfvén Waves

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Plasmas, Sun: Chromosphere, Sun: Sunspots, Waves

Scientific paper

Sunspot atmospheric models show that sunspots have a higher temperature than the surrounding quiet Sun in the upper chromosphere, although they are dark in the photosphere. This Letter presents a comparison between acoustic wave heating and kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) heating in sunspots from the photosphere through the chromosphere based on a semiempirical model calculated by non-LTE procedure. The result suggests that acoustic wave heating is still a possible dominating mechanism in the photosphere and in the lower chromosphere below 850 km, similar to previous works. But in the upper chromosphere above 850 km, KAW heating is a more promising candidate that dominates sunspot chromospheric heating. We speculate that this probably relates to the ionization exceeding one in a thousand in the upper chromosphere, so that the plasma processes such as KAW dissipation play an important role in the atmospheric dynamics.

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