Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Jul 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002pobeo..73...91b&link_type=abstract
Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade (ISSN 0373-3742), No. 73, p. 91 - 95 (2002). In: Proceedings of the Thi
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
Galactic Cosmic Rays, Solar Wind, Solar Modulation
Scientific paper
Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are the highest energy particle radiation to reach Earth. When GCRs enter our Solar System, they must overcome the outward-flowing solar wind. This wind impedes and slows the incoming GCRs, reducing their energy and preventing the lowest energy ones from reaching Earth. This effect is known as solar modulation. The Sun has an 11-year activity cycle which is reflected in the characteritics of the solar wind to modulate GCRs. As a result, the GCR intensity at Earth is anti-correlated with the level of solar activity, i.e., when solar activity is high - the GCR intensity at Earth is low. Expression for differential cosmic ray spectrum D(E) with smoothing function f containing tanh (Tangens hyperbolicus) is determined in this paper. The seven unknown coefficients in spectrum D(E) are determined by means of Newton method. Results for different levels of solar activity are obtained. Our analyses show that: 1. The ionization effect of the GCRs is inverse to the level of the solar activity (expressed by sunspot number, or Wolf number W) because of the solar wind modulation of the high energetic particles. 2. The GCRs have important influence on the solar-terrestrial relations during the solar minimum.
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