The early X-ray/optical flares of gamma-ray bursts

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Gamma-Ray Sources, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Magnitudes And Colors, Luminosities, Space-Based Ultraviolet, Optical, And Infrared Telescopes, Flare Stars

Scientific paper

In Swift era, X-ray flares have been observed in a good fraction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the rapid variability timescale (small values of δt/t) and the very steep decay index α (α>3)imply that these X-ray flares should be originated from internal shocks (the so called ``late internal shock''). The early optical flashes may be correlated or uncorrelated with the gamma-ray emission. For the former case, the optical emission may be the lower energy extension of the gamma-ray emission, or the gamma-ray emission may be the synchrotron-self-Compton (SSC) component of the optical emission. While for the latter case, the optical emission may arise from the reverse external shock or from the internal shocks produced by shells which are different from the shells that collides to produce the gamma-ray emission. We also discuss the neutron-rich internal shock and apply this model to GRB080319B. Finally we briefly discuss the dust extinction of the early optical emission.

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