Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Oct 2008
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008a%26a...489..195m&link_type=abstract
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 489, Issue 1, 2008, pp.195-206
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
5
Stars: Agb And Post-Agb, Circumstellar Matter, Radiative Transfer, Polarization, Method: Numerical, Methods: Observational
Scientific paper
Aims: We combined bispectrum speckle interferometry, adaptive optics (AO) imaging polarimetry, and radiative transfer modeling of polarized light to derive various physical properties of the proto-planetary nebula Frosty Leo. Methods: We performed bispectrum K'-band speckle interferometry and H- and K-band imaging polarimetry of Frosty Leo using the ESO 3.6 m telescope and the AO-equipped CIAO instrument of the 8 m Subaru telescope, respectively. Two-dimensional radiative transfer modeling was carried out in order to obtain a quantitative interpretation of our observations. Results: Our diffraction-limited speckle image shows distinct hourglass-shaped, point-symmetric bipolar lobes, an equatorial dust lane, and complex clumpy structures in the lobes. Our polarimetric data display a centro-symmetric polarization vector pattern with P~30-50% in the bipolar lobes and a polarization disk between them. The polarization images also reveal an elongated region with low polarization along a position angle of -45°. The observations suggest that this region has a low dust density and was carved out by a jet-like outflow. Our radiative transfer modeling can simultaneously explain the observed spectral energy distribution, the intensity distribution of the hourglass-shaped lobes, and our polarization images if we use two grain species with sizes of 0.005 ≤ a ≤ 2.0 μm at latitudes between -2° and +2°, and 0.005 ≤ a ≤ 0.7 μm in the bipolar lobes. Assuming a distance of 3 kpc, an expansion velocity of 25 km s-1, and a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 160, we derive a dust mass of the disk of 2.85×10-3 M&sun;, a gas mass-loss rate of 8.97×10-3 M&sun; yr-1, and a total envelope mass of 4.23 M&sun;.
Driebe Th.
Hofmann Karl Heinrich
Murakawa Koji
Ohnaka Keiichi
Oya Shin
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