The structure and evolution of hydrogenated amorphous carbon grains and mantles in the interstellar medium

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Carbon, Cosmic Dust, Interstellar Matter, Astronomical Models, Astronomical Spectroscopy, Emission Spectra, Hydrogenation, Interstellar Extinction

Scientific paper

Hydrogenated amorphous carbons (HACs) have been proposed as the major constituent of interstellar dust. The HAC model can account successfully for observed properties of interstellar dust, and has great predictive power. A review is presented of relevant laboratory data on amorphous carbon, known to exist in three major phases: graphitic, diamondlike, and polymeric. These data indicate the probable nature of HAC in the interstellar medium. The properties of the HAC dust model, the deposition of HAC in the interstellar medium, and its evolution as interstellar conditions change are summarized. The properties of laboratory HAC in its various forms account successfully for observed interstellar extinction and for variations in extinction, for infrared emission features, and for extended red emission seen in reflection nebulae. A full evolutionary sequence that links the various HAC modifications found in different interstellar environments is proposed. It is concluded that the interstellar dust is an active component of the interstellar medium, responsive to its environment.

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