Theory of the Detection of Short Bursts of Gravitational Radiation

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It is argued that the short bursts of gravitational radiation which Weber reports most probably arise from the gravitational collapse of a body of stellar mass or the capture of one collapsed object by another. In both cases the bulk of the energy would be emitted in a burst lasting about a millisecond, during which the Riemann tensor would change sign from one to three times. The signal-to-noise problem for the detection of such bursts is discussed, and it is shown that by observing fluctuations in the phase or amplitude of the Brownian oscillations of a quadrupole antenna one can detect bursts which impart to the system an energy of a small fraction of kT. Applied to Weber's antenna, this method could improve the sensitivity for reliable detection by a factor of about 12. However, by using an antenna of the same physical dimensions but with a much tighter electromechanical coupling, one could obtain an improvement by a factor of up to 250. The tighter coupling would also enable one to determine the time of arrival of the bursts to within a millisecond. Such time resolution would make it possible to verify that the radiation was propagating with the velocity of light and to determine the direction of the source.

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