Equatorial ionosphere

Computer Science – Sound

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E Region, Equatorial Atmosphere, F Region, Geomagnetism, Ionospheric Currents, F 2 Region, Histories, India, Ionospheric Sounding, Magnetic Field Configurations, Satellite Sounding, Sporadic E Layer, Spread F

Scientific paper

The development of research in E and F regions of the ionosphere in India since about 1950 is briefly described. The various geomagnetic factors controlling the F region at low latitudes during quiet, disturbed days, on different ages of the moon are described. The equatorial electrojet current, its association with general Sq currents, geomagnetic disturbance and solar disturbance are shown due to changes of the electric fields at the equator. The phenomenon of spread-F at low latitudes is shown to be associated with the regeneration of equatorial plasma fountain during the post sunset hours similar to the daytime plasma fountain associated with equatorial ionization anomaly. The narrow belt of ionosphere, the magnetic equator, is shown to be very sensitive to electric field of local origin or even to electric field generated at the magnetopause due to the interaction of the solar wind on the earth's magnetosphere.

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