Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Nov 2000
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2000m%26ps...35.1275k&link_type=abstract
Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1275-1290 (2000).
Mathematics
Logic
35
Scientific paper
To understand the mechanism of formation of shock-induced pseudotachylites, particularly the role, that rock heterogeneities and interfaces play for their formation, shock recovery experiments were carried out on samples consisting of two distinct lithologies (dunite, quartzite). It was possible to generate melt veins of 1-6 μm width along lithological interfaces at moderate shock pressures (6 to 34 GPa). The magnitudes of displacement along the interface, strain rate and the kinetic heat production indicate that friction is an important heat source which largely contributes to the energy budget of the melt veins. The experimentally produced veins resemble natural S-type pseudotachylites. The geometry of the veins depends on the orientation of the interface with respect to the shock front and includes: strong variations in thickness, formation of melt pockets and injection veins, sudden changes in vein orientation, and sharp vein margins. Two types of melt were observed: dense, vesicle-free melt rock is likely to represent high-pressure melts. Vesicular melts were also generated during shock compression, but they remained in a molten state during pressure release and continued shearing. Intermingling of comminuted olivine and melt suggests that ultracataclasis of olivine induced by a dynamic tensile failure is a precursor stage to frictional melting. Shock wave interferences at the lithological interface provide the necessary stress conditions to start dynamic failure of olivine. The composition of the frictional melts ranges from olivine-normative to enstatite-normative and is, thus, largely determined by olivine melting. The validity of the sequence of friction melting susceptibilities of rock-forming minerals inferred from tectonically produced pseudotachylites is confirmed and can now be applied to ultra-high strain rates during shock compression.
Hornemann Ulrich
Kenkmann Thomas
Stäffler Dieter
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