Temperature fluctuations and chemical homogeneity in the planetary nebula NGC 4361

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Temperature Distribution, Planetary Nebulae, Stellar Spectra, Carbon, Fluorine

Scientific paper

By mapping the optical recombination lines of C II, C III, and C IV across the nebular surface of NGC 4361 using a long slit, the author has shown that there is no evidence for the C-rich inner zone proposed by Torres-Peimbert, Peimbert, and Pena (1990) to explain the large discrepancy between the C abundances derived from optical recombination lines and those derived from UV collisionally excited lines. The C abundance derived from optical recombination lines is constant across the nebula within an uncertainty of less than 50 percent. There is clear evidence for a varying forbidden O III temperature across the nebular surface, probably produced by extra heating from shock waves, but the amplitude of the variations is too small to account for the large discrepancies between the C abundances deduced from recombination lines and collisionally excited lines.

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