A seasonal climate model of the atmospheres of the giant planets at the Voyager encounter time. I - Saturn's stratosphere

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Atmospheric Models, Gas Giant Planets, Planetary Atmospheres, Radiative Transfer, Saturn Atmosphere, Stratosphere, Annual Variations, Atmospheric Heating, Far Infrared Radiation, Radio Occultation, Stratospheric Warming, Voyager 1 Spacecraft, Voyager 2 Spacecraft, Planets, Giant Planets, Seasonal Variations, Climate, Models, Atmosphere, Voyager Missions, Saturn, Stratosphere, Radiative Transfer, Wavelengths, Optical Properties, Opacity, Hydrocarbons, Hydrogen, Helium, Methane, Insolation, Asymmetry, Depth,

Scientific paper

A radiative seasonal model of Saturn's stratosphere which incorporates a multilayer radiative transfer treatment in the far-infrared (wavelength greater than 7 microns) with opacities due to H2-He, CH4, C2H6, and C2H2 is presented. The model predicts a strong hemispheric asymmetry at the Voyager encounter times as a consequence of seasonally variable insolation, and polar regions are found to undergo seasonal amplitudes as high as 30 K in the upper stratosphere. Ring obscuration is shown to have a substantial effect on the heat balance at midlatitudes. Calculations agree closely with the Voyager 1 and 2 radio occultation ingress profiles recorded at 76 deg S and 36.5 deg N for CH4/H2 = 0.0035 + 0.0014 or -0.001; the estimated errors take into account modeling uncertainties. The possible role of aerosols in the stratospheric heating is analyzed. It is shown that the Voyager 2 egress profile (31 deg S) cannot be reproduced by calculations. Some constraints on the CH4 mixing ratio and on the C2H6 and C2H2 vertical distributions are derived.

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