Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Jan 1976
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1976apj...203....1e&link_type=abstract
Astrophysical Journal, vol. 203, Jan. 1, 1976, pt. 1, p. 1-5.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
10
Background Radiation, Black Holes (Astronomy), Cosmic Rays, Cosmology, Diffuse Radiation, Electromagnetic Radiation, Radiation Sources, Astronomical Models, Astrophysics, Energy Distribution, Galactic Clusters, Light (Visible Radiation), Microwaves, Pulsars
Scientific paper
The existence of bound systems implies the release of energy associated with their formation. Estimating the fraction of this energy which appears in observable diffuse form places restrictions on various theories involving high binding-energy densities of seen or unseen matter. Any theory invoking discrete sources to explain a particular background must also consider the binding energy released in the formation of the hypothesized sources. The potency of pulsars and white dwarfs as cosmic-ray sources is severely limited by these considerations. The amount of unseen matter in the form of burned-out stars or neutron stars must be well below that needed to bind the Universe. Black holes, if not primordial, are restricted to an extremely narrow range of parameters if they are supposed to bind the Universe, and are unlikely candidates. All these generalizations can be violated, but only if the amount of energy in the infrared background exceeds that in the rest of the observed electromagnetic backgrounds by more than an order of magnitude.
Eichler David
Solinger A.
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