On the origin of black hole evaporation radiation

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Black Holes (Astronomy), Evaporation, Gravitational Collapse, Stellar Evolution, Astronomical Models, Energy Dissipation, Metric Space, Stellar Models, Stellar Radiation, Tensor Analysis

Scientific paper

The physical basis underlying the black-hole evaporation process is clarified by a calculation of the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor for a massless scalar field in a completely general two-dimensional collapse scenario. It is found that radiation which propagates both inwards and outwards is produced inside the collapsing matter. The ingoing component eventually emerges from the star after traveling through the center. The outgoing energy flux appears at infinity as the evaporation radiation discovered by Hawking (1974). At late times outside the star, the former component fades out exponentially, and the latter component approaches a value which is independent of the details of the collapse process. In the special case of a collapsing hollow thin shell of matter, all the radiation is produced at the shell. These results are independent of regularization ambiguities, which enter only the static vacuum polarization terms in the energy-momentum tensor.

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