Difficulties with Unification

Details Difficulties with Unification Difficulties with Unification

Dec 1995

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1995pnas...9211407s&link_type=abstract

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 92, Issue 25, pp. 11407-11412

Mathematics

Logic

1

Scientific paper

The difficulties perceived in the orientation-based unified scheme models, when confronted with the observational data, are pointed out. It is shown that in meter-wavelength selected samples, which presumably are largely free of an orientation bias, the observed numbers of quasars versus radio galaxies are not in accordance with the expectations of the unified scheme models. The observed number ratios seem to depend heavily on the redshift, fluxdensity, or radio luminosity levels of the selected sample. This cannot be explained within the simple orientation-based unified scheme with a fixed average value of the half-opening angle (psi_c ≈ 45^circ) for the obscuring torus that supposedly surrounds the nuclear optical continuum and the broad-line regions. Further, the large differences seen between radio galaxies and quasars in their size distributions in the luminosity-redshift plane could not be accommodated even if I were to postulate some suitable cosmological evolution of the opening angle of the torus. Some further implications of these observational results for the recently proposed modified versions of the unified scheme model are pointed out.

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