Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Nov 1992
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1992nascp3066....7c&link_type=abstract
In New Mexico Univ., A Lunar Optical-Ultraviolet-Infrared Synthesis Array (LOUISA) p 7-17 (SEE N93-13579 03-89)
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
Angular Resolution, Apertures, Coherence, Imaging Techniques, Michelson Interferometers, Synthetic Apertures, High Resolution, Infrared Imagery, Magnetic Resonance, Phase Error, Radio Astronomy
Scientific paper
Since diffraction-limited imaging with a single aperture yields angular resolution approx. lambda/D, the attainment of high angular resolution with single apertures requires the construction of correspondingly large monolithic apertures, the whole surface of which must be figured to much less than a wavelength. At the longer wavelengths, it is impossible to build a sufficiently large single aperture: for example, at lambda 21 cm, arcsec resolution requires an aperture of diameter approx. 50 km. At the shorter wavelengths, the atmosphere imposes a natural limit in resolution of about one arcsec. However, another route is possible; that is, using synthetic apertures to image the sky. Synthetic apertures are now in use in many fields, e.g., radio interferometry, radar imaging, and magnetic-resonance imaging. Radio-interferometric techniques developed in radio astronomy over the past 40 years are now being applied to optical and IR astronomical imaging by a number of groups. Furthermore, the problem of figuring synthetic apertures is considerably simpler, and can be implemented in a computer: new 'self-calibration' techniques allow imaging even in the presence of phase errors due to the atmosphere.
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