Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Oct 1985
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1985natur.317..505z&link_type=abstract
Nature (ISSN 0028-0836), vol. 317, Oct. 10, 1985, p. 505-508.
Mathematics
Logic
438
Cosmology, Liquid Helium, Phase Transformations, Superfluidity, Monopoles, Quenching (Cooling), Symmetry
Scientific paper
Symmetry breaking phase transitions occurring in the early Universe are expected to leave behind long-lived topologically stabel structures such as monopoles, strings or domain walls. The author discusses the analogy between cosmological strings and vortex lines in the superfluid, and suggests a cryogenic experiment which tests key elements of the cosmological scenario for string formation. In a superfluid obtained through a rapid pressure quench, the phase of the Bose condensate wavefunction - the 4He analogue of the broken symmetry of the field-theoretic vacuum - will be chosen randomly in domains of some characteristic size d. When the quench is performed in an annulus of circumference C the typical value of the phase mismatch around the loop will be ≡(C/d)1/2. The resulting phase gradient can be sufficiently large to cause the superfluid to flow with a measurable, randomly directed velocity.
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