Observation of sprites over the Sea of Japan and conditions for lightning-induced sprites in winter

Details Observation of sprites over the Sea of Japan and conditions for lightning-induced sprites in winter Observation of sprites over the Sea of Japan and conditions for lightning-induced sprites in winter

Jan 2004

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004jgra..10901312h&link_type=abstract

Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 109, Issue A1, CiteID A01312

Other

23

Atmospheric Composition And Structure: Middle Atmosphere-Energy Deposition, Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325), Meteorology And Atmospheric Dynamics: Atmospheric Electricity, Meteorology And Atmospheric Dynamics: Lightning

Scientific paper

We have succeeded in observing sprites for winter lightning in the Hokuriku area (Japan Sea side) of Japan in the winter of 2001/2002. The optical results on 3 days are compared with the corresponding characteristics of parent (causative) lightning with particular attention to the significant differences between Hokuriku winter lightning and the more widely studied continental lightning. Despite significant differences with Hokuriku winter lightning, we have found nearly the same sprite properties as already observed in the U.S. continent with a significant difference (simpler shape for Hokuriku winter sprite). Then, we have also discussed the criteria for sprite occurrence. Specifically, two similar criteria are found: (1) cloud-to-ground discharges of positive polarity and (2) the presence of a certain threshold in vertical charge moment (200-300 C km) (roughly consistent with that for the U.S. continent). Mesoscale convective systems are not necessary to store the charge necessary for sprites, but the parent Hokuriku winter clouds are substantially smaller than the minimum scale for sprite occurrence in the continental lightning; however, it is larger in area than ordinary summer thunderclouds. However, there may exit another condition such as clustering or self-organizing effect of thunderclouds for sprite production.

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