Superbursts: A New Regime of Nuclear Burning on Accreting Neutron Stars

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

I discuss the current theoretical understanding of superbursts. Superbursts are 1000 times more energetic and 1000 times longer in duration than typical Type I X-ray bursts, but with similar spectral evolution. This suggests that they are thermonuclear flashes involving fuel at much larger depths than a typical Type I burst. A likely candidate for this fuel is carbon left over from hydrogen/helium burning. I describe the physics of carbon ignition, and compare the resulting superburst energies, durations, and recurrence times with observations. I discuss the accretion rate dependence of the unstable burning, and show that carbon ignition naturally explains the narrow range of accretion rates of superburst sources. I present time-dependent simulations of carbon flashes and compare with observed light curves. I discuss hydrogen electron capture as an alternative energy source for superbursts. Finally, I show how the properties of superbursts depend on the ashes of hydrogen/helium burning via the rp process.

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