Temporal evolution in the spectra of gradual solar energetic particle events

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Particle Acceleration, Neutrino, Muon, Pion, And Other Elementary Particles, Cosmic Rays

Scientific paper

We examine solar energetic particle (SEP) spectra in two very large ``gradual'' events (20 April 1998 and 25 August 1998), in which acceleration is caused by fast CME-driven shocks. By combining data from ACE/SIS, Wind/EPACT/LEMT, and IMP8/GME, we examine all major species from H to Fe, from ~2 MeV/nuc to the highest energies measured. These events last for several days, so we have divided the events into 8-hour intervals in order to study the evolution of the spectra. The spectra reveal significant departures from simple power laws. Of particular note is the behavior at high energies, where the spectra exhibit exponential rollovers. We demonstrate that the fitted e-folding energies reflect both ionic charge states and a complex but orderly temporal evolution. We speculate that this behavior may be related to evolving rigidity dependence in the near-shock diffusion coefficient, which is of potentially great importance for models of SEP acceleration and transport. .

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