Tracking calcium in the San Joaquin basin, California: A strontium isotopic study of carbonate cements at North Coles Levee

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Strontium isotopes have been used as geochemical tracers of calcium to document pore water evolution and to track mass transfer at the North Coles Levee reservoir in the central San Joaquin basin, California. At North Coles Levee, the arkosic Miocene Stevens sandstone has been progressively cemented with a series of carbonate zones, with isotopically calculated crystallization temperatures ranging from approximately 25 to 95°C. This series of cement zones record a systematic decrease in the 87 Sr / 86 Sr ratios of the pore water since burial, from sea water ratios of 0.7086 in early (<40°C) dolomite cements to near present-day pore water ratios of 0.7072 in the latest (>80°C) calcite cements. Strontium analyses of potential Ca-Sr sources in the central basin indicate that plagioclase, rather than calcium smectite or microfossil tests, is the only potential source with low enough strontium ratios to account for the isotopic compositions of the cements and the present pore water. This implies that plagioclase alteration is the dominant influence on the Sr-Ca pore water evolution at North Coles Levee. Our results indicate that calcium in the early calcites was derived from deeper in the basin, with mass transfer distances on the order of 1 km implied, and that calcium in later calcite cements was derived from plagioclase dissolving within the reservoir.

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