Observational constraints on stellar wind models of broad emission lines in AGNs

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Active Galactic Nuclei, Astronomical Models, Black Holes (Astronomy), Giant Stars, Spectral Line Width, Stellar Winds, Constraints, Optical Thickness, Stellar Evolution, Thomson Scattering, Variability

Scientific paper

We show that observational constraints exclude all models which involve stellar winds as the main sites of Broad Emission Line (BEL) production in AGNs. To obtain a covering factor consistent with observations, the nucleus must contain a large population of giant stars with strong winds. However, the time scales required for stars to evolve to a giant state are shown to be much longer than the time scale for stars to be destroyed by stellar collisions. The models are shown to be constrained by the large amounts of matter liberated by star collisions and stellar winds. If this matter is accreted by the black hole, then the mass-to-radiation conversion efficiency must be unreasonably low, whereas loss of this matter in a wind would require energy injection at a rate exceeding the UV radiation output. Furthermore, it is difficult to avoid a Thomson optical thickness which is so large that the fast X-ray variability would be smeared out.

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