Soft X-ray Blueshifts and Hα Redshifts in the November 15, 1991 X-Class Flare

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We analyzed simultaneous Hα line profile observations (from Mees Solar Observatory), CaXIX line profile observations (from the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer aboard YOHKOH), and soft- and hard X-ray images (from SXT and HXT on YOHKOH) of the November 15, 1991 X-class flare. The observed CaXIX emission shows strong blueshifts very early in the flare. The soft X-ray images suggest that this blueshifted emission originates from one or more of three localized soft X-ray bright points. At the same time, the Hα line profile shows redshifted and blueshifted emission in several locations. Two Hα redshift kernels are associated with the two brightest soft X-ray sources. On the basis of their relationship to the magnetic neutral line and their subsequent development, we conclude that these Hα redshift kernels are the footpoints of a single loop, which initially exhibits two soft X-ray bright points in the loop legs. The results suggest that chromospheric evaporation is the responsible mechanism for the observed Hα redshifts and CaXIX blueshifts in the early stage of the flare. The independent hard X-ray (HXT) and Hα observations both indicate that this chromospheric evaporation is not associated with strong non-thermal electron precipitation. The third soft X-ray bright point, the faintest of the three, is not associated with redshifted Hα emission. This bright spot develops into a connection between the second Hα redshift kernel, and another Hα kernel with strong blueshifts. The Hα blueshift is associated with a mass ejection phenomenon.

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