The ionospheric mid-latitude trough observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC during solar minimum

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[2443] Ionosphere / Midlatitude Ionosphere, [2467] Ionosphere / Plasma Temperature And Density

Scientific paper

This paper reports global structures of the ionospheric mid-latitude trough using electron density profiles derived from the GPS radio occultation experiment on board FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites during the solar minimum period, February 2008 - January 2009. Results show that the mid-latitude trough extends from dusk to dawn in all four seasons, and is most pronounced in the winter hemisphere. The troughs in the two hemispheres are asymmetric, where the trough in the northern hemisphere is more evident and stronger than that in the southern hemisphere during the equinoctial seasons. In general, the trough minimum position shows a high-low-high latitudinal variation with magnetic local time which occurs at high latitudes at dusk, reaches low latitudes around post-midnight, and returns to high latitudes by pre-dawn. In addition, higher magnetic activity causes the trough to occur at lower latitudes. On the other hand, the mid-latitude trough features becoming more complex in southern hemisphere is resulted from the nighttime plasma density enhancement of Weddell Sea anomaly. Results also demonstrate that the mid-latitude trough can be better investigated by the 3-D electron density structure of FOMOSAT-3/COSMIC observations.

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