Water masers associated with low-mass stars: A 13 month monitoring survey

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Deposition, Explosive Decompression, Masers, Star Formation, Stellar Envelopes, Radial Velocity, Stellar Luminosity, Stellar Winds

Scientific paper

We report the results of a 13 month survey of embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) for H20 masers using the Haystack 37 m telescope. YSOs were selected to be in an early phase of evolution based on IRAS colors and association with molecular outflows or dense cores. The sample was restricted to YSOs in nearby clouds (d less than 450 pc) with luminosities less than 120 solar luminosity. Six new sources of water maser emission have been found, raising the total number of maser sources in this luminosity range to 20. Three sources (L1448C, L1534B, and VLA 1623) have luminosities less than 3 solar luminosity. Of the YSOs monitored on a regular basis, we estimate that maser activity occupies at least one-third of the duration of the embedded state. All sources with L greater than 25 solar luminosity displayed some maser activity. Although the maser strength of a given source can vary by two orders of magnitude, there is a general correlation between maser strength and YSO luminosity. For YSOs with L less than 25 solar luminosity, no single property, such as the CO mass-loss rate or luminosity at lambda = 6 cm, successfully predicts maser activity. We propose that other factors, such as the inclination of the outflow axis, may be important in enhancing the detectability of the masers in lower luminosity sources.

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