Deltaic sedimentation

Details Deltaic sedimentation Deltaic sedimentation

Mar 1966

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1966esrv....1...87m&link_type=abstract

Earth Science Reviews, Volume 1, Issue 2-3, p. 87-104.

Computer Science

1

Scientific paper

SummaryRivers entering standing water behave as jets, either axial jets where river and standing water are equally dense or as plane jets where the river is lighter (or denser) than the standing water. Lacustrine deltas are deposited from axial jets; they have arcuate development and steep fronts. Mediterranean deltas occur in seas with low tidal ranges where plane jets are formed. Birdsfoot deltas are the ideal type but marine erosion, concentrating at the margin of the delta, can smooth them off into arcuate or classical deltas. Oceanic deltas form under strong tidal influence and are marked by flaring river mouths and concave delta plains. Deposition in deltas is concentrated at the delta front, where jet flow is initiated. Sand is laid down in river mouth bars which may coalesce into delta front sand sheets. Beyond the sand finer sediments are deposited in the prodelta, a marine environment wherein 75% of the actual deltamass accumulates. Behind the delta front lies the delta top with its framework of distributary channels. Deposition here is spasmodic, a topping-up process which maintains the delta plain slightly above sea level. Individual minor environments are: river channel, levee, marshes and swamps, lakes, lagoons, bays and tidal flats. The delta pile comprises an upward coarsening succession beginning with thick uniform subaqueous clays and silts overlain by thin sands which are also subaqueous. These are followed by impersistent sheets of clays, silts, sands and peats laid down in very shallow water; interrupting these upper beds and eroding the sands beneath are channel deposits, linear bodies with sharp, erosional contacts and flanked by subaerial levees of fine sand and silt with roots and burrows.

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