Extended Shells Around B[e] Stars

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Scientific paper

The position of B[e] stars in the upper left part of the H-R diagram has long presented a puzzle: are these young stars evolving onto the main sequence, or old stars evolving off of it? Studies of spectra have suggested that some, though not all, B[e] stars can be placed among several physically different subclasses associated with different origins and evolution. However, the evolutionary connection of B[e] stars, especially sgB[e] stars, to other massive stars remains unclear. We have performed narrow-band Hα CCD imaging of 25 B[e] stars in the northern hemisphere to search for extended material which could provide insight as to the evolutionary history and status of these objects. Prior to our work, no such survey of B[e] stars had been performed, and only one B[e] star had been reported in the literature to have extended material associated with it. Among the objects we surveyed, 14 showed extended emission, usually in the form of lobes and shells, revealing mass-loss events. In two objects, there appears to be evidence of more than one mass-loss episode. In a few objects, ejecta are visible from within 1 arcsec of the star extending outward tens of arcsec or more, suggesting that mass loss could be underway at present.

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