Formation of the Martian moons from a circum-Mars accretion disk

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In this work, we reconsider the scenarios of formation of Phobos and Deimos from a circum-Mars accretion disk in the light of modern theories of accretion. Two regimes of accretion are studied; the high-tide regime for which accretion occur near the Roche limit and the low-tide regime for which accretion occur farther from the planet. For the former regime, irregularly shaped and porous bodies are accreted from gravity instabilities which develop at Roche limit. These accreted bodies have mass and density similar to Phobos and Deimos ones. However, all these bodies fall back on Mars in less than 1 Gy, which is incompatible with a formation of Phobos and Deimos in early Mars' history. Moreover, it is not possible to form Deimos near its current orbit (about 6 Mars' radii). On another hand, in the low-tide regime, it is possible to accrete a body with the mass and at the location of Deimos. A Phobos' mass body can also be formed but closer to Mars. It is however expected to rapidly fall back to Mars. These results are discussed with respect to parameter inputs in our modeling such as the initial mass of the accretion disk around Mars.

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