Micro-arcsecond Astrometry with the VLBA: R0, Θ0, H0 and More

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Recently the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), an Earth-sized radio interferometer, has achieved trigonometric parallax and proper motion measurements with near micro-arcsecond accuracy. Major efforts are now underway to use the VLBA to measure distances to objects throughout the Milky Way and proper motions of galaxies. This talk will present new results on parallaxes and proper motions of pulsars, star forming regions, and the compact object at the center of the Milky Way. These measurements address fundamental problems in astrophysics, including evidence for supermassive black holes, asymmetries in supernova explosions, the size (R0) and rotation speed (Θ0) of the Milky Way, and how massive star forming regions develop. Also, the angular rotation of M33 and the proper motions of M33 and IC10 have now been directly measured. These measurements, combined with theoretical calculations, constrain the dark matter content and angular momentum in the Local Group of galaxies. Finally, the Hubble constant (H0) can be measured directly and with high accuracy through VLBI observations of water masers in AGN accretion disks associated with galaxies in the Hubble flow.

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