The Hanle effect. Decomposition of the Stokes parameters into irreducible components

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Line: Formation, Polarization, Magnetic Fields, Radiative Transfer

Scientific paper

Context: It has been shown for the weak-field Hanle effect that the Stokes parameters I, Q, and U can be represented by a set of six cylindrically symmetrical functions. The proof relies on azimuthal Fourier expansions of the radiation field and of the Hanle phase matrix. It holds for a plane-parallel atmosphere and scattering processes that can be described by a redistribution matrix where redistribution in frequency is decoupled from angle redistribution and polarization. Aims: We give a simpler and more general proof of the Stokes parameter decomposition using powerful new tools introduced for polarimetry, in particular the Landi Degl'Innocenti spherical tensors T^K_Q(i,Ω). Methods: The elements of the Hanle phase matrix are written as a sum of terms that depend separately on the magnetic field vector and the directions Ω and Ω' of the incoming and scattered beams. The dependence on Ω and Ω' is expressed in terms of the spherical tensors T^K_Q(i,Ω) where i refers to the Stokes parameters (i=0,ldots,3). A multipolar expansion in terms of the T^K_Q(i,Ω) is then established for the source term in the transfer equation for the Stokes parameters. Results: We show that the Stokes parameters have a multipolar expansion that can be written as I_i(ν,Ω)= sumKQT^K_Q(i,Ω)I_Q^K(ν,θ) (K=0,1,2, -K≤ Q≤ +K) where the I_QK are nine cylindrically symmetrical, irreducible tensors, θ being the inclination of Ω with respect to the vertical in the atmosphere. The proof is generalized to frequency-dependent phase matrices. It is applied both to partial frequency redistribution with angle-averaged scalar frequency redistribution functions and to complete frequency redistribution with the Hanle effect in the line core and Rayleigh scattering in the wings. Non-LTE transfer equations for the I_QK and integral equations for the associated source functions S_QK are established. Formal vectors and matrices constructed with I_Q^K, S_Q^K, and T_QK are introduced in order to present the results in a compact matrix notation. In particular, a simple factorized form is proposed for the Hanle phase matrix.

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