The Mars 96 Small Station Meteopackage and Its Observations

Mathematics – Logic

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Scientific paper

The two Mars-96 Small Stations are expected to land in September 1997 Ls 178d, nominally to Amazonis-Arcadia region on locations (33dN, 169.4dW and 37.6dN, 161.9dW. Both stations have meteopackages consisting of pressure P, temperature T, humidity U, wind speed and wind direction (\vec{V}) sensors for in situ observations lasting at least a Martian year. The packages include also P- and T-sensors for descent phase observations. The Finnish Meteorological Institute provides the Central Electronics Unit and capacitive PTU-sensors used in e.g. radiosondes and other terrestrial applications as well as in the Mars-96 penetrators. The Russian Space Research Institute (IKI) provides wind (a four-electrode construction based on electrostatic stimulus) and temperature (nickel-wire resistive devices) sensors. Sensors are sampled nominally once in 15 min but every 5 min during dawn and dusk. The sensor accuracies are Delta p <= 0.02 hPa, Delta T <= 0.1 K, Delta V <= 0.5 m/s and direction <= 45d. The passive humidity sensor is expected to give information on the seasonal humidity variation, and on diurnal variation during summertime. Interpretation of these observations is supplemented by data from the optical thickness sensor as well as from the panoramic and descent phase cameras. The sensors weigh about 100 g and the data rate is about 30 kbit/sol. Power consumption is 60 mW for PTU-sensors and 200 mW for V and T sensors. Both landing sites are on sloping terrains with modest albedo and thermal inertia variations. We have used a 2-D mesoscale circulation model to estimate the diurnal variations of surface winds and pressure. Due to the characteristics of the sites slope winds interacting with the large-scale circulation are expected to dominate the local circulations.

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