Cosmological Photons

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Assumed: photon has electric dipole moment P (Ref. 1) normal to its spin, rotating at photon frequency f, radiating classically. Then: hdf/dt = cdf/dx = -[4(π^3)/3] (μ/hc) [(f^2P)^2]; c: standard light speed; x: photon distance from source; μ: vacuum magnetic permeability; h: Planck's constant. Earlier shown (Ref. 2) from Hubble's data: (P'^2)(f'^3) = 8.8E(-39) S.I.; f': photon emission frequency; P': P at emission. Observations of type Ia supernovae and the present study (Refs. 3,4): there must be a relation between P and f; simplest is P^2 = Q(f^n). Q: fitting constant; n: any real number. Comparison of normalized luminosity distances and theoretical coordinate distances gives n = -1.53, with standard deviation 0.013. Speculation: finite graviton half-life T limits general relativistic relations to a sphere of radius cT/2; the universe is infinite and nonexpanding. 1. N. Fortson, P Sandars and S. Barr, Physics Today 56, 33 (June 2003). 2. R. B. Driscoll, Physics Essays (in press). 3. A. G. Riess et al., Astrophysics Journal 687, 665 (2004). 4. R. B. Driscoll, Physics Essays (under review).

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