Non-thermal excitation and ionization of hydrogen in solar flares. II - Effects on the temperature minimum region Energy balance and white light flares

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Gas Ionization, Hydrogen, Light Emission, Solar Flares, Temperature Distribution, Atmospheric Temperature, Chromosphere, Heating, Photosphere, Radiant Heating

Scientific paper

This paper is the second of a series of two papers on the effects on the non-thermal excitation and ionization of hydrogen by electron beams on the solar atmosphere. Here the modification of the energy balance at the temperature minimum level and in the upper photosphere is studied. The authors show that enhanced hydrogen ionization at the base of the chromosphere and at the flare temperature minimum region leads to an increase of the H- population and to enhanced absorption of photospheric and chromospheric continuum radiation. Consequently the upper photosphere is radiatively heated at the expense of the chromospheric continuum radiation produced by the beam. A second consequence of the hydrogen ionization is the increase of the white light emission both at chromospheric and photospheric levels.

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