The spectral appearance of dusty protostellar envelopes

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Cosmic Dust, Infrared Stars, Protostars, Radiative Transfer, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Spectra, Absorption Spectra, Absorptivity, Density Distribution, Emission Spectra, Infrared Spectra, Optical Thickness, Radii, Stellar Temperature, Sublimation

Scientific paper

Model spectra of dusty envelopes that surround a centrally embedded source are calculated under the assumption of spherical symmetry and discussed in light of selected observations of protostellar candidates. Several model parameters are varied systematically: the total optical depth of the envelope, its density distribution, its outer radius, the temperature of the central source and the sublimation temperature of the refractory dust component. A two-component dust model with refractory and volatile grains is assumed. Also presented are models without the volatile component. The ratio of the 10-micron absorption coefficient to its adjacent continuum is varied systematically over a large range. The depth of the resultant 10-micron feature is analyzed in light of these results. A connection is then made between these model spectra and the evolutionary stages of protostellar envelopes. Owing to the large deviations from blackbody spectra, a single effective temperature or radius cannot be defined for such objects; their effective sizes are strongly wavelength dependent.

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