The Orbits of the Martian Satellites

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The original JPL ephemerides of the Martian satellites (Jacobson 1995, JPL IOM 312.1-95-142) were developed by fitting an analytical theory to the set of observations from 1877 to 1989. Since that time we have obtained Earthbased astrometry from the U. S. Naval Observatory (Pascu 2004, private comm.), Table Mountain Observatory (Owen 2003, private comm.), and LNA/MCT Observatory (Veiga 2008, A&A in press), and observations acquired by the MGS spacecraft (Bills et al. 2005, JGR 110, 1), by the Mars Express spacecraft (Oberst et al. 2006, A&A 447, 1145; Willner et al. 2008 A&A in press), and by the MRO spacecraft (Synnott 2006, private comm.). Our new orbits are based on numerical integration of the satellites' equations of motion. We take into account the mutual interactions of Phobos and Deimos, the perturbations due to the Earth, Moon, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Sun, the asphericity of Mars, the tide raised on Mars by Phobos, and the Phobos figure. We fit numerically integrated orbits to the complete set of observations. The fit determined not only the epoch states of the satellites but also the Martian tidal quality factor Q and the amplitude of the forced libration of Phobos.

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