Modelling of Meteoroid Fragments Motion in the Atmosphere. A Method of Calculation of a Terrestrial Crater Field

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

A meteoric body has great loading during its passage through the atmosphere. A meteoroid collapses when aerodynamic pressure on front surface reaches the critical value equals to durability of a body material. Its fragments separate in a transverse direction as a result of interaction of shock waves. Besides, smaller fragments decelerate more than large ones. Thus, there is a separation in a longitudinal direction also. Modelling of two fragments movement in the atmosphere is carried out in this work. Two cases are considered: scattering of two identical fragments in transverse direction and scattering of two fragments of different radii simultaneously in a longitudinal and transverse direction. Bodies capable to form a crater on the surface of the earth are considered in this work, i.e. large bodies with the big initial velocities are considered. A quite simple analytical expression of transverse velocity of fragment through parameters of the body material (strength and density) and repulsive force coefficient for two identical fragments is obtained. In the case of fragments of different mass a smaller fragment decelerate more in comparison with large one and a smaller fragment more separates from the trajectory of a main body in transverse direction. In the case of different fragments a transverse velocity depends on a quotient of fragments radii. A numerical solution of combined equations of deceleration and ablation is used for description of a longitudinal movement of a parent body and its fragments. Calculations according to proposed models and an estimation of separation distance of fragments in the atmosphere are carried out in the work. A calculation method of a size of an elliptic crater field is offered and calculation on example of Sikhote-Alin crater field is carried out in the work.
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 07-01-00009

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