Evidence of Yarkovsky and YORP Migration from the Distribution of Hungaria Family Members

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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The Hungaria orbital space is defined by high-inclination, low eccentricity orbits with a semi-major axis (a) of 1.78 < a < 2.0. Using classifications mostly from SDSS colors, we examined the absolute magnitude (H) versus a distribution of S and E(X) type asteroids in this region and found that the S-type distribution is random while the E(X)-type distribution shows a "V” shape distribution, with broader range of a at smaller size (larger H), which is indicative of a collisional family evolved by Yarkovsky spreading. We also found that the E(X)-type distribution is not centered on the current a of its largest member, 434 Hungaria, suggesting that Hungaria itself has evolved outward by Yarkovsky drift from its location at the time of formation of the family, and may allow us to estimate the age of the family. An outward migration is consistent with the prograde rotation determined by shape and pole modeling (Durech 2006, IAU Symposium 236 poster paper). The long rotation period (26 h) suggests that the spin of Hungaria has been substantially altered from its initial state, and still smaller members of the family are probably even more altered. The observing program by Warner and Harris is aimed at determining shapes and pole orientations for as many Hungarias as possible to test the prediction of inward vs. outward Yarkovsky drift.
Funding for Warner and Harris was provided by NASA Planetary Astronomy grant NNG-06GI32G and National Science Foundation grant AST-0607505.

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