The academician astronomers travelling in the 18th century.

Details The academician astronomers travelling in the 18th century. The academician astronomers travelling in the 18th century.

Apr 1999

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999crasb.327..415d&link_type=abstract

Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Sér. II, Fasc. b, Tome 327, No. 4, p. 415 - 429

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

History Of Astronomy: Parallaxes, History Of Astronomy: Astronomical Unit, History Of Astronomy: Transits, Venus: Transits

Scientific paper

In the 18th century, astronomers of the Académie des sciences of Paris made various contributions to the improvement of navigation: terrestrial determinations of longitude which improved charts for navigators, testing of marine clocks for longitude determinations at sea. In order to resolve the Cassini-Newton controversy regarding the shape of the Earth, the Académie proposed in 1735, that two expeditions should be made with a view to measuring a meridian arc. The results concluded that the Earth was flat on the sides of the poles, as predicted by Newton. By the mid-18th century, the first purely astronomical expedition (La Caille, Cap of Good Hope) led to the creation of an austral celestial map and new parallaxes. Later, Chappe d'Auteroche, Le Gentil and Pingré travelled to observe two transits of Venus over the Sun (1761, 1769) for the improvement of the solar parallax.

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