Unsteady disk accretion via external radiation drag

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Accretion Disks, Astronomical Models, Black Holes (Astronomy), Cosmology, Galactic Nuclei, Radiation Effects, Stellar Mass Accretion, Boundary Conditions, Gravitational Effects, Hydrodynamics, Mathematical Models, Transformations (Mathematics)

Scientific paper

Time-dependent disk accretion/accretion disks driven by external radiation drag are investigated using self-similar transformations in the gravitational potential by a point-mass MBH. The external drag force is assumed to be proportional to the fluid velocity v as -beta v, where beta is a function of the look-back time, -t. We find self-similar solutions which satisfy the asymtotic behavior, such that the radial infall velocity vr is (-2)(beta)(r) near to the center or epoch (-t approaches infinity), and 0 or -(beta +1/(-t)) r far from the center or later epoch (-t approaches 0), while the rotation velocity vphi is almost Keplerian (the square root of (GMBH/r)) near to the center and proportional to (the square root of GMBH/r) times (-t times the square root of GMBH/r3)eta or (the square root of GM BHr3(eta + 3) far from the center (or later epoch), where eta is a constant defined such that beta (-t) = eta/(-t). This solution approaches the steady state solution derived by Fukue and Umemura (1994) near to the center of the values of eta. These solutions include a critical solution and a transonic solution. The velocity and thermal structures of self-similar accretion disks and the mass-accretion rate are presented. Such accretion disks, in which the angular momenta are removed via external drag proportional to the velocities, are possible when the systems are embedded in ratiation fields. The present self-similar solution may be applicable for gas accretion into a point-mass potential which is, for instance, produced by a massive black hole formed during an early epoch.

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