The speciation of antimony in sulfidic solutions: A theoretical study

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To assist in identifying the Sb sulfide species present in alkaline sulfide solutions, we have used ab initio quantum mechanical methods to calculate the structures, stabilities and vibrational spectra of a number of monomeric and oligomeric Sb(III) sulfides. In agreement with the interpretation of (1989), we assign a prominent feature observed at 369 cm -1 in the Raman spectrum of sulfidic Sb solutions to Sb-S stretching vibrations in a monomeric complex, although our calculations are most consistent with its assignment to the SbS 2 (SH) -2 complex, rather than the fully deprotonated complex SbS 3 -3 . A shoulder observed at 380 cm -1 is best assigned to SbS(SH) 2 - . Raman features observed at 314 and 350 cm 3 -1 are assigned to Sb-S(H) symmetric stretching vibrations of the dimeric species Sb 2 S 2 (SH) 2 , which is calculated to be thermodynamically stable, with respect to both the monomer Sb(SH) 3 and the trimer Sb 3 S 3 (SH) 3 . The mixed-ligand complex Sb 2 S 2 (OH) 2 is calculated to become stable compared to Sb 2 S 2 (SH) 2 at high temperatures, in agreement with experimental solubility data. The Sb sulfide monomers are found to H-bond to water through their -SH or -S groups, but with only small changes in the Sb-S distances and Sb-S stretching frequencies. Accurate gas-phase proton affinities and estimated solution proton affinities are presented for the anionic species in solution and the estimated energetics are consistent with the presence of SbS 2 (SH) -2 , SbS(SH) 2 -1 and Sb 2 S 2 (SH) 2 suggested by the Raman data.

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