Sunspot Number Calibration by the "Magnetic Needle" Makes Sense

Details Sunspot Number Calibration by the "Magnetic Needle" Makes Sense Sunspot Number Calibration by the "Magnetic Needle" Makes Sense

May 2008

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008agusmsp23a..07s&link_type=abstract

American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2008, abstract #SP23A-07

Other

1555 Time Variations: Diurnal To Decadal, 7529 Photosphere, 7536 Solar Activity Cycle (2162), 7537 Solar And Stellar Variability (1650), 7594 Instruments And Techniques

Scientific paper

We show that the amplitude (dD) of the diurnal variation of the magnetic Declination is a reliable indicator of solar far ultraviolet radiation (FUV) and its proxy, the sunspot number, R [as was known already to Rudolf Wolf ~160 years ago]. FUV creates and maintains the E-layer of the ionosphere, determining the strength of the diurnal variation of the Declination. We show how the changes of sunspot number observers are faithfully reflected in discontinuities in the relationship between dD and R. Comparisons with other sunspot indices bear this out in a clear manner. On the whole, sunspot numbers before 1947 should be adjusted upwards by 20%, and before Wolf's death by another 30%, with the net result that 20th century solar activity does not seem significantly larger than that of the 19th.

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