The X-Ray Environment During the Epoch of Terrestrial Planet Formation: Chandra Observations of h Persei

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We report analysis of Chandra observations of h Persei, part of the famous Double Cluster h and chi Persei. At 13-14 Myr-old,h Persei probes ages during which terrestrial planets are potentially in the final stages of formation and when nebular gas has recently dissipated, leaving newly-formed gas giants unshielded from high energy X-ray photons. We find a large number of Chandra-detected sources have optical/IR counterparts whose positions on V/V-I color-magnitude diagrams are consistent with cluster membership. At least 3 of these sources have weak warm dust emission indicative of terrestrial planet formation. We have detected sources down to log Lx = 30.0 ergs/s but presumably this is the bright edge of a much larger X-ray population. We discuss h Persei in the context of other Chandra-observed clusters and briefly discuss the effect that X-rays play in driving grain chemical reactions and oblating planetary atmospheres.
Funding for this work was provided by Chandra grant 16617421 and Chandra X-ray Center NASA Contract NAS8-39073.

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