CI, CII, and CO as tracers of gas phase carbon

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Carbon, Interstellar Matter, Molecular Clouds, Vapor Phases, Abundance, Excitation, Marking

Scientific paper

In the dense interstellar medium, we find that about 20 percent of the total carbon abundance is in the form of CO, about 3 percent in CI, and 100 percent in CII with uncertainties of factors of order 2. The abundance of other forms of gaseous carbon is negligible. CO is widespread throughout molecular clouds as is CI. CII has only been observed near bright star-formation regions so far because of its high excitation energy. Further from ultraviolet sources it may be less abundant. Altogether we have accounted for about 1/3 of the total carbon abundance associated with dense molecular clouds. Since the other gaseous forms are thought to have negligible abundances, the rest of the carbon is probably in solid form.

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