Other
Scientific paper
Feb 2012
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2012phrvl.108f1102p&link_type=abstract
Physical Review Letters, vol. 108, Issue 6, id. 061102
Other
Planetary Bow Shocks, Interplanetary Shocks, Nonlinear Phenomena: Waves, Wave Propagation, And Other Interactions, Shock Waves And Discontinuities, Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions
Scientific paper
Earth’s bow shock is a collisionless shock wave but entropy has never been directly measured across it. The plasma experiments on Cluster and Double Star measure 3D plasma distributions upstream and downstream of the bow shock allowing calculation of Boltzmann’s entropy function H and his famous H theorem, dH/dt≤0. The collisionless Boltzmann (Vlasov) equation predicts that the total entropy does not change if the distribution function across the shock becomes nonthermal, but it allows changes in the entropy density. Here, we present the first direct measurements of entropy density changes across Earth’s bow shock and show that the results generally support the model of the Vlasov analysis. These observations are a starting point for a more sophisticated analysis that includes 3D computer modeling of collisionless shocks with input from observed particles, waves, and turbulences.
Canu Paolo
Cao Jin-Bin
Dandouras Iannis
Fazakerley Andrew
Fu S. Y.
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