Innovative Instruments in Service of Aeronomy: Radars and the CEDAR Program

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2443 Midlatitude Ionosphere, 2481 Topside Ionosphere

Scientific paper

Remote sensing of the ionosphere, and in particular the use of radars for this purpose, has always been a cornerstone of the CEDAR program. This talk will begin with a brief historical overview and then proceed to focus on the large incoherent scatter radars that are the most powerful instruments for observing the ionosphere. Even though the basic concept of how incoherent scatter works is more than 40 years old, many novel techniques have been developed recently (in the last 5 or 10 years) that provide for new and/or improved measurement capabilities. For example in the topside ionosphere and lower plasmasphere over Arecibo we can now obtain simultaneous measurements of [H+], [He+] and [O+] concentrations and Te, T H+ and T O+. At Jicamarca it has was only recently discovered that it is important to account for the effects of electron Coulomb collisions in the ISR backscatter spectrum in order to obtain unbiased Te and Ti's. These and other highlights will be explained.

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