Sulphur isotope geochemistry of carbonatites

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Sulphur isotopic data for sulphides and barite from several carbonatites (Mountain Pass, Oka, Magnet Cove, Bearpaw Mountains, Phalabora) show that individual carbonatites have different mean sulphide or barite isotopic compositions which deviate from the meteoritic mean 34 S (0 ). Classification of carbonatites in terms of T , f O 2 and pH during formation of the sulphur-bearing assemblages indicates that with decreasing T and increasing relative f O 2 the mean 34 S sulphide becomes increasing negative relative to the mean magma 34 S . Only barite-free high temperature carbonatites (Phalabora) in which the mean 34 S sulphide approaches the mean magma 34 S as a consequence of the paucity of oxidized anionic sulphur species in the magma can be used to directly estimate the mean isotopic composition of the source material. Barites from the Mountain Pass carbonatite show an increase in 34 S with sequence of intrusion of the carbonatite units; dolomitic carbonatite (mean 34 S , + 5.4 ), calcitic carbonatite (+ 4.8%.), silicified carbonatite (+ 6.9 ), tabular carbonatite dikes (+ 8.7 ), mineralized shear zones (+ 9.5 ). Within each of these units a spread of 6.8%. is evident. Isotopic trends in this low temperature (300°C) carbonatite are evaluated by treating the system as a hydrothermal fluid. The observed isotopic variations can be explained by removal of large amounts of sulphur from a fluid whose mean 34 S is 0 to + 1

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