A photometric and dynamical study of the Helix galaxy NGC 2685

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Astronomical Photometry, Elliptical Galaxies, Galactic Nuclei, Galactic Structure, Gas Dynamics, Ring Structures, Astronomical Models, Gravitational Effects, Near Infrared Radiation, Oblate Spheroids, Prolate Spheroids

Scientific paper

We present optical and NIR surface photometry of the Helix galaxy NGC 2685 and its two rings. We detected the inner ('polar') ring in the NIR J-band, and found that its colors are consistent with a normal initial mass function and an age of at most 5-6 Gyr. The inner ring is almost as red as the central galaxy, suggesting that it is a long-lived structure. We have constructed gas-dynamical models of the inner self-gravitating ring in a variety of potentials and searched for long-lived models of both rings; they indicate that the overall potential is either generally oblate-like triaxial or prolate-like triaxial in shape. Based on an analysis of the physical mechanism which can produce such a two-ring structure, the prolate-like triaxial model is the best current model, predicting that both rings achieve very long-lived states within only about 20 inner-ring rotation periods after the accretion of gas into the galaxy's potential. This is in good agreement with the determined upper limit for the age of the inner ring.

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