Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Oct 1995
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1995apjs..100..307s&link_type=abstract
Astrophysical Journal Supplement v.100, p.307
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
7
Cosmology: Theory, Cosmology: Distance Scale, Magnetohydrodynamics: Mhd
Scientific paper
The theoretical basis for chronometric cosmology is developed from general physical principles of causality, cosmic uniformity, and quantum phenomenology. Empty spacetime M is assumed to be the unique alternative to Minkowski space M0 that enjoys similar properties of causality, isotropy, and separability into time ⊗ space. At any given point in M0 there is a unique Poincare-invariant imbedding of M0 into M, and every normalizable free photon wave function on M0 extends uniquely to the same on M. These features provide a basis for the comparison of astronomical observables in the respective spacetimes.
Temporal evolution on a cosmic timescale differs greatly in M from temporal evolution in M0, but on a microscopic scale the difference appears unobservably small. M is conformally equivalent to the Einstein universe E = R1 × S3 (where R1 denotes the time axis and S3 the space consisting of a three-dimensional sphere). Temporal evolution in M is equivalent to that in E; i.e., simple translation along the time axis R1. This is materially inequivalent to time evolution in M0. The "Einstein" and "Minkowski" energies in M and M0 (i.e., conjugate quantities to the respective times) are correspondingly materially different on a cosmic timescale, although microscopically they differ by unobservably little. Chronometric cosmology (CC) proposes that the Einstein energy is the driving energy of the universe, while the Minkowski energy is the locally observed energy, as required for coincidence with the local frequency of oscillation. The redshift is correspondingly the excess of the Einstein over the Minkowski energy. CC is devoid of adjustable cosmological parameters, luminosity, or density evolution, implies conservation of the Einstein (but not Minkowski) energy, and predicts that remnant radiation will be in an isotropic Planck4aw state.
The redshift-distance law in CC, which takes the form ζ = tan2 (ρ/2), where ρ is the distance in radians on S3, is derived rigorously for photons of localized spatial support. This relation departs locally from the Hubble law, which, however, appears seriously flawed (e.g., Segal 1993; Segal et al. 1993, 1 994a,b). The chronometric redshift is directly proportional to the space curvature, exemplifying the proposal by Hubble & Tolman (1935), for an alternative to the Doppler explanation.
Segal I. E.
Zhou Zheng-Wei
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