Uranium and rare earth elements in CO 2 -rich waters from Vals-les-Bains (France) *

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Scientific paper

Waters from springs at Vals-les-Bains result from the mixing of a CO 2 -rich, highly mineralized water with dilute, shallow subsurface water. Total content of dissolved species vary from 5 mmol/1 to 100 mmol/1. For many elements, mixing of these waters is non-linear (non-conservative) and further water-rock reactions take place. The pH is controlled by CO 2 outgassing, redox conditions are controlled by both the iron hydroxide-siderite buffer and the introduction of oxygen with shallow subsurface waters. Among the major elements, concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, are related to mixing, CO 2 outgassing and carbonate precipitation. Uranium shows a complex behaviour controlled by carbonate complexing, redox conditions, mixing of waters and leaching from the rocks. The 234 U / 238 U activity ratio is near secular equilibrium. In the more dilute waters, dissolved rare earth element (REE) patterns are almost flat with a slight negative Eu anomaly. In the concentrated waters, heavy rare earth elements (Gd-Yb, HREE) are strongly enriched relative to light rare earth elements (Ce-Eu, LREE). We relate the enrichment in HREE to water chemistry and to complexing with carbonate species.

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