Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Aug 2005
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2005aipc..781..185t&link_type=abstract
THE PHYSICS OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS: 4th Annual IGPP International Astrophysics Conference. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
1
Solar Cosmic Ray Particles, Shock Waves, Acceleration, Solar Flares, Solar Corona, Planetary Bow Shocks, Interplanetary Shocks, Particle Acceleration
Scientific paper
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are an important venue for testing and refining our understanding of acceleration processes that are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas. Large SEP events occur at a rate of about 10 per year during solar maximum. The dominant accelerators in these events are believed to be shocks driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A particular challenge has been the dramatic event-to-event variability in composition and spectral characteristics at energies above a few tens of MeV per nucleon. I discuss recent efforts to understand this variability in terms of the interplay of two factors: seed populations, typically comprising at least suprathermals from flares and suprathermals from the corona or solar wind; and shock geometry, which generally begins as quasi-perpendicular near the Sun but evolves toward quasi-parallel as the shock moves outward.
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