Solar Shape Changes and Oscillations from Space (P15)

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Scientific paper

The diameter was observed to be constant over the last solar cycles and, as such, is not a "proper" solar-terrestrial "climate" indicator. Ground measurements with small telescopes are spurious diffraction and seeing affected, the Maunder Minimum ones of Picard during the XVII century not being an exception. Large instruments (like the 45 cm Gregory's of A. Wittmann in Locarno and Tenerife) that average seeing cells see no variations (< 40 mas) and, as well, space instruments (MDI/SOHO) that are naturally not affected by turbulence. We present the four approaches, Wittmann on ground with large telescopes, Kuhn et al. (2004) who used the six pixels limb data of MDI, Antia (2003) with a completely different method since using the ultra-precise frequency variation of the f-modes, and our approach (Damé and Cugnet, 2006) using seven years of MDI filtergrams data (150 000 photograms and magnetograms). These four careful analyses converge towards the same insignificant variations (below 15 mas for space experiments or even less: 0.6 km, 0.8 mas for the helioseismology approach!). Following Antia, we conclude that: "If a careful analysis is performed, then it turns out that there is no evidence for any variation in the solar radius." There were no theoretical reasons for large solar radius variations and there is no observational evidence for them with consistent ground and space observations. This being said, the radius measurements are of interest for the solar shape changes that might occur along the cycle (sub- surface convective flows?). Radius oscillations (but higher in the atmosphere, further in the UV: 220 nm) might also bring up low order p-modes and, eventually, g-modes if ever accessible. At the level of formation of the 220 nm continuum there is the maximum magnification of the p-modes and intensity oscillations. 220 nm is also the Lyman Alpha absorption region and ozone formation layer. A New Solar Shape and Oscillation Telescope (NSSOT) is proposed and designed along the non-degraded UV imaging concept developed earlier for SODISM/PICARD (Damé, et al., 1999, 2000, 2001), optimized for these measures of solar shape and oscillations at 220 nm. It has a carbon-carbon structure, SiC mirrors, no window and no spurious optics affecting thermal behavior and scattered light. A model of simplicity and precision. Lyman Alpha and UV images, in selected wavelengths, will complete these measurements. We present the design and bread-boarding activities (SiC thermally controlled mirrors) of NSSOT, and its scientific revisited objectives.

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